The National Population Health Data Center (NPHDC) is one of the 20 national science data center approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance. The Population Health Data Archive (PHDA) is developed by NPHDC relying on the Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. PHDA mainly receives scientific data from science and technology projects supported by the national budget, and also collects data from other multiple sources such as medical and health institutions, research institutions and social individuals, which is oriented to the national big data strategy and the healthy China strategy. The data resources cover basic medicine, clinical medicine, public health, traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy, pharmacy, population and reproduction. PHDA supports data collection, archiving, processing, storage, curation, verification, certification and release in the field of population health. Provide multiple types of data sharing and application services for different hierarchy users and help them find, access, interoperate and reuse the data in a safe and controlled environment. PHDA provides important support for promoting the open sharing of scientific data of population health and domestic and foreign cooperation.