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CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) is a German small satellite mission for geoscientific and atmospheric research and applications, managed by GFZ. With its highly precise, multifunctional and complementary payload elements (magnetometer, accelerometer, star sensor, GPS receiver, laser retro reflector, ion drift meter) and its orbit characteristics (near polar, low altitude, long duration) CHAMP will generate for the first time simultaneously highly precise gravity and magnetic field measurements over a 5 years period. This will allow to detect besides the spatial variations of both fields also their variability with time. The CHAMP mission had opened a new era in geopotential research and had become a significant contributor to the Decade of Geopotentials. In addition with the radio occultation measurements onboard the spacecraft and the infrastructure developed on ground, CHAMP had become a pilot mission for the pre-operational use of space-borne GPS observations for atmospheric and ionospheric research and applications in weather prediction and space weather monitoring. End of the mission of CHAMP was at September 19 2010, after ten years, two month and four days, after 58277 orbits.
The twin GRACE satellites were launched on March 17, 2002. Since that time, the GRACE Science Data System (SDS) has produced and distributed estimates of the Earth gravity field on an ongoing basis. These estimates, in conjunction with other data and models, have provided observations of terrestrial water storage changes, ice-mass variations, ocean bottom pressure changes and sea-level variations. This portal, together with PODAAC, is responsible for the distribution of the data and documentation for the GRACE project.
The main function of the GGSP (Galileo Geodetic Service Provider) is to provide a terrestrial reference frame, in the broadest sense of the word, to both the Galileo Core System (GCS) as well as to the Galileo User Segment (all Galileo users). This implies that the GGSP should enable all users of the Galileo System, including the most demanding ones, to access and realise the GTRF with the precision required for their specific application. Furthermore, the GGSP must ensure the proper interfaces to all users of the GTRF, especially the geodetic and scientific user groups. In addition the GGSP must ensure the adherence to the defined standards of all its products. Last but not least the GGSP will play a key role to create awareness of the GTRF and educate users in the usage and realisation of the GTRF.